I think the best defense is courage and confident, because animals can sense it if you are afraid. A rabbit runs from a mountain lion, but a bear does not run—he will stand his ground.
Stand your ground, do not be afraid. If you run, the lion will view you as prey. If you stand your ground, the lion will view you as an equal or higher----and you do stand taller than a lion does so he looks up at you and you look down at him. He may be curious about you and if hungry, he may try to see if there is a meal to be had, but a sharp whack on his nose or head with a hiking stick and he will head for the hills.
Lions and bears are solitary hunters and are most often encountered one on one. Not much of a problem providing of course we are talking black bears and mountain lions (not Grissleys, Browns or Polar Bears----which are huge compared to us and can easily snack on us if they so desire and can catch us).
Some say hiking in a group is a nice thing to do, because you do not have to outrun the lion or the bear, you just have to outrun your hiking buddies. LOL. Some of the old time trappers and hunters, if attacked would throw their pelts at the attacker and this would keep the attacker busy, while they could make a get away.
I don’t think mountain lions and black bears are much of a problem providing you stand your ground and if approached by them, whack them real good with a hiking pole or hardwood stave. Let them know you mean business and are not an easy meal and they will leave you alone. Those mountain bikers in CA, who recently got attacked (one killed, one injured) by a mountain lion were viewed as prey because they were riding bikes (running away). If they had stopped, fought, hollowed, screamed, before the attack began or the lion was already on top of them; then they may have prevented the attack completely-----but who knows, this same lion may have feed on human prey previously (children) and realized he liked the taste and that humans are fairly easy prey-----some of us are, some ain’t.
Which brings up another point, the lion was hunted down almost immediately and killed; and this is done almost always when an animal begans attacking and feeding on humans. The reason of course is that they have learned what easy prey humans are, they will continue to prey on humans, teach it to others, and their young. And we as humans can’t be having that situation.
See you out there. :cheers
Maintain