Actually there is a field of science dedicated to studying the ecological impacts of camping/hiking and other recreational endeavors. It’s called “Recreation Ecology”.
Research scientists, like David Cole (Aldo Leopold research center, Forest Service), Jeff Marion (Patuxent USGS coppoerative study unit), and Yu-Fai Leung (N.C. State), and many others do scientific studies to further the understanding of recreational impacts and how those impacts effect the local environment.
A second group of researchers, like William Hammitt (Clemson), Joe Roggenbuck (Virginia Tech), and others focus on the social side, meaning that they look at how these impacts effect the experience of backpacking (or whatever) in the user’s perspectives.
Based upon the findings and implications of research from these and many other individuals, the Leave No Trace (www.lnt.org) ethics were formed, and LNT, Inc. was created to distribute this research summary information to outdoor recreationists.
So Johnny, if you wish to see the research findings, the easiest place to look if is the LNT website and their published literature (commonly available at parks and on newer maps). If is it the hard data your after, like if you want to see the ANOVA, regression, or non-parametric stats they use to detect significant relationships between variables, then I suggest Googling any name I mentioned above and I bet you can find some papers. But be rest assured, these men have aleady taken steps to pass along the info in the most digestible way as possible.
Jeff, you do have a good point. We are part of nature. But we have the ability to purposefully return to the natural systems in a period of recreation, which is often meant to enrich our lives. Since we also have the ability to identify and measure our impacts on these systems, which act under their own volition without the hand of man, we can choose or not choose to limit our impact so that we protect our rights and experiences in park/trail visitation, and so we can protect the natural functions that operate without our influence.
The latter part is what makes America different than Europe. If we did not consider our impacts on nature (including the natural systems governing ourselves), then we would not have the wonderful and globally unprecendented opportunities for natural public lands recreation.
Take care, and do the best you can.
Tha Wookie